Lamivudine
Lamivudine. NRTI — cytidine analog. Older HIV / HBV antiviral; lower-cost backbone in resource-limited settings. Mostly replaced in HIV ART by… Oral half-life 7 h.
NRTI — cytidine analog. Older HIV / HBV antiviral; lower-cost backbone in resource-limited settings. Mostly replaced in HIV ART by emtricitabine, but still used in HBV monotherapy + co-formulated dual products.
PK: CLASS 12, AND THE CONTRADICTION IS INSIDE THE RECORD OWN CITATION. That paper states "Mean oral clearance (CL/F) values of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine for the fixed-dose combination were 23.7, 127, and 1.65 L/h" while the stored triple implies 10.48 — 2.26x below a number printed in its own abstract, and three further sources cluster at 20-28 L/h. EVERY STORED VALUE TRACES TO A REVIEW THAT WAS NOT THE CITED SOURCE. ka 1.5 IS A Tmax RANGE ENDPOINT read as a rate — "maximum serum concentrations usually attained 0.5 to 1.5 hours after the dose" — and it implies a 1.94 h peak, ABOVE the entire published range. V 91 L is that review "approximately 1.3 L/kg following intravenous administration", which is NOT class 6 because it is genuinely intravenous, but IS class 12 because it is a STEADY-STATE volume: an independent study proves it, its Vss of 99 L equalling clearance times mean residence time exactly while the terminal half-life is 8.4-9.1 h. F and the half-life are both range endpoints of "86% to 88%" and "approximately 5 to 7 hours". The volume moves to the value reproducing the clearance stated in the record own source, at the same cost to the peak as its sister record.
Pharmacokinetics
- Oral — t½ 7 h · F 86% · ka 3.7 h⁻¹ · Vd 206 L
Sources: PMID:17962426, PMID:9989342, PMID:8750368