NAD⁺
NAD⁺, a nucleotide. Central redox cofactor for all dehydrogenases: gains a hydride from substrate (NAD⁺ → NADH), donates it to the electron-transport chain (Complex…
Central redox cofactor for all dehydrogenases: gains a hydride from substrate (NAD⁺ → NADH), donates it to the electron-transport chain (Complex I). Also the substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1-7, deacetylases that cleave NAD⁺), PARPs (DNA-damage response), and CD38/CD157 (immune-cell NADases). NAD⁺ declines ~50% by age 60 — hence the longevity research interest in precursors.
SC evidence review (2026-11-09): R000072027 reports a small uncontrolled, open-label study of repeated subcutaneous NAD+ with lidocaine in 20 adults and subjective sleep outcomes; results are registry-reported, with manuscript preparation noted. This is preliminary clinical outcome evidence, not concentration-time PK or a validated exposure-response model. Source: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000072027 . The IV human metabolome pilot used a six-hour infusion and is not extrapolated to SC: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31572171/ . No SC dose range or typical dose is authored; logging does not imply an established dosing regimen.