Procyanidin B2
Procyanidin B2, a flavonoid. (−)-Epicatechin-(4β→8)-(−)-epicatechin dimer — the most abundant proanthocyanidin dimer in cocoa. Large and… Oral half-life 2 h.
(−)-Epicatechin-(4β→8)-(−)-epicatechin dimer — the most abundant proanthocyanidin dimer in cocoa. Large and hydrogen-bond-rich: <1% is absorbed intact (plasma low-nM range). The vast majority is depolymerised by colonic microbiota to (−)-epicatechin monomers and then to 5-C-ring-fission metabolites (γ-valerolactones and phenolic acids), which are the dominant circulating species. Flow-mediated-dilation and BP-lowering effects of cocoa are thus primarily mediated by epicatechin conjugates, with procyanidin B2 acting mostly as a precursor pool.
PK: THE STORED VOLUME WAS THE SOLVER DEFAULT WEARING A CITATION. 35 L is exactly 0.5 L/kg at the seventy-kilogram reference — the value resolvePk substitutes when the field is ABSENT — and this record cited abstract states no volume at all. Removing it is NUMERICALLY A NO-OP, since the resolver now supplies the identical number; what changes is that the record stops asserting a measurement it does not have, and the defaulted-volume lint begins counting it as the open gap it is. This is the batch-11 finding running backwards: there a deletion silently became a default, here a default had silently become a datum.
Pharmacokinetics
- Oral — t½ 2 h · F 1% · ka 0.693 h⁻¹
Related compounds
- Epicatechin — synergistic
Sources: PMID:17439235, PMID:12324293