(−)-Epicatechin
(−)-Epicatechin, a flavonoid. (2R,3R)-Flavan-3-ol aglycone — the most abundant flavanol monomer in cocoa and a major one in green tea. Extensively… Oral half-life 3 h.
(2R,3R)-Flavan-3-ol aglycone — the most abundant flavanol monomer in cocoa and a major one in green tea. Extensively conjugated after intestinal absorption: systemic circulation is >97% sulfates, glucuronides, and methyl-sulfates (SREMs — structurally-related epicatechin metabolites; Actis-Goretta 2012). Cmax ~1 µM total SREM at Tmax 2 h, t½ ~3–4 h. Stimulates endothelial NO via eNOS activation, improves mitochondrial biogenesis / follistatin–myostatin balance (rationale for muscle-performance research), and is the dominant mediator of cocoa-flavanol-driven FMD improvements.
PK: THE STORED VOLUME WAS THE SOLVER DEFAULT WEARING A CITATION. 35 L is exactly 0.5 L/kg at the seventy-kilogram reference — the value resolvePk substitutes when the field is ABSENT — and this record cited abstract states no volume at all. Removing it is NUMERICALLY A NO-OP, since the resolver now supplies the identical number; what changes is that the record stops asserting a measurement it does not have, and the defaulted-volume lint begins counting it as the open gap it is. This is the batch-11 finding running backwards: there a deletion silently became a default, here a default had silently become a datum.
Pharmacokinetics
- Oral — t½ 3 h · F 30%
Related compounds
- (+)-Catechin — synergistic
- Procyanidin B2 — synergistic
- EGCG — synergistic
Sources: PMID:22664313